CNC Toolpath Menu

Profile

The Profile is simply the outline of the desired shape – you can think of it as the outline of the silhouette of the cut part. But there are a few things to keep in mind:

  • Sharp points and plywood tend not to get along – consider a rounded point or MDF
  • Allow 20mm gaps between parts – you can use the offset tool in your CAD program to check your spacing at a glance
  • Half the size of the cutting tool gives you your min. internal corner radius – see Internal Corners under CAD TIPS
  • The thickness of the material might limit cutter options – here’s what to expect
CNC routing (plywood) diagram - with notes to help avoid common issues.

Pocket

Pocketing is one capability that separates CNC milling from laser or water-jet cutting. In this example pockets allow for backlit translucent acrylic.

  • Large Diameter cutters are used for clearing stock
  • Smaller cutters can subsequently tidy up pocket-profiles
  • Consider internal corners (radius) when CADing the complementary acrylic parts.
  • In this case a deeper pocket provides space for an LED lighting strip.
Felt lined oak box for leather wallet

Drill

Including drill holes, such as pilot holes for screws, saves a lot of effort down the line. Drills can also be used to make locating holes – choose your hardware in advance.

  • 8mm Harron dowels are our favourite locators – available at Bunnings
  • Drills can be THROUGH or BLIND
  • CAD your Drills as a circle equal to the Drill diameter
  • Non-standard diameters can be achieved as Internal Profiles – eg for a 1″ dowel
Dowel located CNC routed parts assembly section

Engrave

Engraving adds detail, branding and functionality to projects produced on a 3-axis flatbed CNC router. Using V-bits, round-over cutters or other moulded tooling, shallow toolpaths can create crisp text, logos, decorative patterns, wayfinding signage and recessed graphics without cutting through the material. Engraving works across plywood, MDF, plastics and selected solid timbers, making it ideal for furniture, retail displays, architectural joinery and custom fabrication. Combined with profiling, pocketing and drilling in a single machining process, CNC engraving delivers precise, repeatable results while reducing secondary operations and improving the finished appearance of every project.

3D

3D CNC machining allows complex curved surfaces and sculpted forms to be produced with exceptional accuracy. Using ball nose cutters and specialised finishing toolpaths, a flatbed CNC router can machine smooth contours, radiused edges and organic shapes that would be difficult or impossible to create by hand. This capability is ideal for furniture components, moulds, prototypes, signage and architectural features, delivering consistent, repeatable results while reducing manual finishing and ensuring every part meets the required specification.

3D CNC carved Aussie Vic Ash hardwood